What causes splinter hemorrhage?

Splinter hemorrhage occurs as a result of physical trauma to the nail bed. This type of injury can lead to small blood vessels breaking, which causes blood to leak under the nail, resulting in the characteristic red or brown streaks that resemble splinters. Such trauma can happen from accidental impacts or repetitive stress to the finger or toe, leading to this symptom.

While other factors, like infection, exposure to harsh chemicals, or improper nail trimming, can cause various nail conditions or abnormalities, they do not typically lead to the specific appearance of splinter hemorrhages. For example, an infection of the nail bed may cause different signs such as redness, swelling, or pus, rather than the streaks seen with splinter hemorrhages. Similarly, harsh chemicals might lead to discoloration or weakening of the nail, but they do not produce the distinct bleeding effect found in splinter hemorrhage. Improper nail trimming could result in ingrown nails or hangnails but wouldn't generally cause the symptoms associated with splinter hemorrhage. Thus, physical trauma is the direct cause behind this condition.