Which part protects the nail matrix?

The cuticle plays a crucial role in protecting the nail matrix, which is the tissue located beneath the base of the nail where new nail cells are formed. The cuticle acts as a barrier against pathogens and environmental factors that could potentially harm the delicate matrix area. It serves to seal the area, minimizing the risk of infection and ensuring a healthy environment for nail growth.

In contrast, the sidewall refers to the area along the sides of the nail, which does not provide direct protection to the matrix. The nail bed, while important for supporting the nail, does not cover or safeguard the matrix directly. The free edge is the part of the nail that extends beyond the fingertip and does not serve a protective function for the matrix either. Thus, the cuticle is specifically designed to shield the nail matrix effectively.